Debugging

• Debugging (removal of a defect) occurs as a consequence of successful testing.
• Some people better at debugging than others.
• Is the cause of the bug reproduced in another part of the program?
• What “next bug” might be introduced by the fix that is being proposed?
• What could have been done to prevent this bug in the first place?


Debugging Approaches
• Brute force
– memory dumps and run-time traces are examined for clues to error causes
• Backtracking
– source code is examined by looking backwards from symptom to potential causes of errors
• Cause elimination
– uses binary partitioning to reduce the number of locations potential where errors can exist

Test Documentation Needed

• Requirement being tested.
• Design verification methodology.
• Code verification methodology.

Document Each Test Case
• Requirement tested.
• Facet / feature / path tested.
• Person & date.
• Tools & code needed.
• Test data & instructions.
• Expected results.
• Actual test results & analysis
• Correction, schedule, and signoff.

Test Team Members

• Professional testers.
• Analysts.
• System designers.
• Configuration management specialists.
• Users.

Testing Tools

•Simulators.

•Monitors.

•Analyzers.

•Test data generators.

Testing Life Cycle

• Establish test objectives.
• Design criteria (review criteria).
– Correct.
– Feasible.
– Coverage.
– Demonstrate functionality .
• Writing test cases.
• Testing test cases.
• Execute test cases.
• Evaluate test results.

Performance Testing

• Stress test.
• Volume test.
• Configuration test (hardware & software).
• Compatibility.
• Regression tests.
• Security tests.
• Timing tests.
• Environmental tests.
• Quality tests.
• Recovery tests.
• Maintenance tests.
• Documentation tests.
• Human factors tests.

System Testing

• Recovery testing
– checks system’s ability to recover from failures
• Security testing
– verifies that system protection mechanism prevents improper penetration or data alteration
• Stress testing
– program is checked to see how well it deals with abnormal resource demands
• Performance testing
– tests the run-time performance of software

Acceptance Testing

• Making sure the software works correctly for intended user in his or her normal work environment.
• Alpha test
– version of the complete software is tested by customer under the supervision of the developer at the developer’s site
• Beta test
– version of the complete software is tested by customer at his or her own site without the developer being present

Acceptance Testing Approaches
• Benchmark test.
• Pilot testing.
• Parallel testing.

Validation Testing

•Ensure that each function or performance characteristic conforms to its specification.

•Deviations (deficiencies) must be negotiated with the customer to establish a means for resolving the errors.

•Configuration review or audit is used to ensure that all elements of the software configuration have been properly developed, cataloged, and documented to allow its support during its maintenance phase.

Smoke Testing

• Software components already translated into code are integrated into a build.
• A series of tests designed to expose errors that will keep the build from performing its functions are created.
• The build is integrated with the other builds and the entire product is smoke tested daily using either top-down or bottom integration.

Integration Testing

Integration Testing

•Bottom - up testing (test harness).

•Top - down testing (stubs).

•Modified top - down testing - test levels independently.

•Big Bang.

•Sandwich testing.

Top-Down Integration Testing

•Main program used as a test driver and stubs are substitutes for components directly subordinate to it.

•Subordinate stubs are replaced one at a time with real components (following the depth-first or breadth-first approach).

•Tests are conducted as each component is integrated.

•On completion of each set of tests and other stub is replaced with a real component.

•Regression testing may be used to ensure that new errors not introduced. 

Bottom-Up Integration Testing

•Low level components are combined in clusters that perform a specific software function.

•A driver (control program) is written to coordinate test case input and output.

•The cluster is tested.

•Drivers are removed and clusters are combined moving upward in the program structure.

Regression Testing

• Check for defects propagated to other modules by changes made to existing program
– Representative sample of existing test cases is used to exercise all software functions.
– Additional test cases focusing software functions likely to be affected by the change.
– Tests cases that focus on the changed software components.

Generating Test Data

• Ideally want to test every permutation of valid and invalid inputs
• Equivalence partitioning it often required to reduce to infinite test case sets
– Every possible input belongs to one of the equivalence classes.
– No input belongs to more than one class.
– Each point is representative of class.

Unit Testing Details

• Interfaces tested for proper information flow.
• Local data are examined to ensure that integrity is maintained.
• Boundary conditions are tested.
• Basis path testing should be used.
• All error handling paths should be tested.
• Drivers and/or stubs need to be developed to test incomplete software.

Unit Testing

• Program reviews.
• Formal verification.
• Testing the program itself.
– black box and white box testing.

Stages of Testing

• Module or unit testing.
• Integration testing,
• Function testing.
• Performance testing.
• Acceptance testing.
• Installation testing

Strategic Testing Issues

• Specify product requirements in a quantifiable manner before testing starts.
• Specify testing objectives explicitly.
• Identify the user classes of the software and develop a profile for each.
• Develop a test plan that emphasizes rapid cycle testing.
• Build robust software that is designed to test itself (e.g. use anti-bugging).
• Use effective formal reviews as a filter prior to testing.
• Conduct formal technical reviews to assess the test strategy and test cases

Strategic Approach to Testing

•         Testing begins at the component level and works outward toward the integration of the entire computer-based system.

•         Different testing techniques are appropriate at different points in time.

•         The developer of the software conducts testing and may be assisted by independent test groups for large projects.

•         The role of the independent tester is to remove the conflict of interest inherent when the builder is testing his or her own product.

•         Testing and debugging are different activities.

•         Debugging must be accommodated in any testing strategy.

•         Need to consider verification issues

•          are we building the product right?

•          Need to Consider validation issues

•         are we building the right product?

உள்ளம் என்றும் எப்போதும் உடைந்து போக கூடாது

உள்ளம் என்றும் எப்போதும் உடைந்து போக கூடாது
என்ன இந்த வாழ்க்கை என்ற எண்ணம் தோன்ற கூடாது
எந்த மனித நெஞ்சுக்குள்
...காயம் இல்லை சொல்லுங்கள்
காலபோக்கில் காயமெல்லாம்
மறைந்து போக்கும் மாயங்கள் 

உழி தாங்கும் கற்கள் தானே மண்மீது சிலையாகும்
வலி தாங்கும் உள்ளம் தானே நிலையான சுகம் காணும் யாருக்கில்லை போரட்டம்
கண்ணில் என்ன நீரோட்டம்
ஒரு கனவு கண்டால்
அதை தினம்முயன்றால்
...ஒரு நாளில் நிஜமாகும் 

அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை

அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை அச்சமென்ப தில்லையே, இச்சகத்து ளோரெல்லாம் எதிர்த்துநின்ற போதினும், அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை அச்சமென்ப தில்லையே. துச்சமாக வெண்ணிநம்மைச் தூறுசெய்த போதினும், அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை அச்சமென்ப தில்லையே. பிச்சைவாங்கி யுண்ணும்வாழ்க்கை பெற்றுவிட்ட போதினும், அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை அச்சமென்ப தில்லையே. இச்சைகொண்ட பொருளெலாம் இழந்துவிட்ட போதினும், அச்சமில்லை யச்சமில்லை அச்சமென்ப தில்லையே